Crushed mussel shell powder and optional borax in surface char layers to protect four wood species against fire

The goal is to protect semi-finished/finished wood components from burning/fires in a variety of settings (wooden buildings, historical sites, restoration, etc.). Natural (organic) sea mussel shells (Chamelea gallina) were crushed and prepared with water various solution concentrations (10%, 15%) after the pyrolysis process, either alone or together boron compounds (borax). limiting oxygen index value (LOI) was determined by making retention calculations. Coatings applied as double treatment, (borax) used for comparison purposes. Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.), Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), eastern beech (Fagus Lipsky), locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) chosen this research. When pyrolysis-treated impregnated samples compared control sample, found be significantly higher samples. After impregnation, 15% borax (0.89%) acacia had highest value, whereas 10 percent shell (0.22%) lowest. maximum (42.8%), while lowest (28.9%) 10% powder process.